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Expert	Subject	Summary
Michael Curtis Other articles by this expert	PROCEDURE IN THE CARE STANDARDS TRIBUNAL	This article is the latest in a series to consider the procedure in the Care Standards Tribunal. It deals with three evidential topics that frequently arise in practice	Goto the Article
Dr Geoffrey Phillips Other articles by this expert	A Simple Guide to Age Related Cognitive Changes and Dementia	Contrary to popular opinion, most older people, including the very elderly, have no significant cognitive impairment. Cognition is the process by which knowledge is acquired and includes perception, intuition and reasoning. Increasing age is, however, associated with slower information processing and memory retrieval but even this is not universal and even when present, is not so severe as to interfere with day-to-day functioning. The perceived importance of information and its emotional associations will tend to aid memory storage and recall. Accuracy of recall is given preference over speed, but keeping track of more than one thing at a time and rapidly understanding complex material tends to become more difficult and can be further aggravated if vision and hearing are in any way impaired.	Goto the Article
Michael Curtis Other articles by this expert	CRIMINAL PROSECUTION FOR REGULATORY OFFENCES UNDER THE CARE STANDARDS ACT 2000: ONE STRIKE AND YOU'RE OUT?	Under the former regulatory regime contained in the regulations enacted under the Registered Homes Act 1984, providers could be prosecuted for a breach of a regulation only where the provider continued to infringe a regulation after the service of a statutory notice on him by the regulator.  In effect, the offence consisted in the continuation of the breach. Given the reluctance in most cases of the previous regulators even to serve a statutory notice until a breach had occurred more than once, this resulted in a regime of 'three strikes and you're out'.	Goto the Article
Michael Curtis Other articles by this expert	COSTS IN THE CARE STANDARDS TRIBUNAL	The Care Standards Tribunal (CST), unlike its predecessor the Registered Homes Tribunal, has the power to make costs orders in limited circumstances. The power is an important one. Cancellation appeals can last two weeks or more and cost as much as a High Court action of similar length. This article considers and criticises the decisions of the CST to date and seeks comprehensively to formulate the principles the CST should apply when exercising its power to make an order for costs.	Goto the Article
Dr Geoffrey Phillips Other articles by this expert	Long-term Nursing Care – a Historical Perspective	Prior to the early 1980’s, virtually all-dependent elderly patients were either managed at home by their family, or else cared for on the long-stay wards of large geriatric or psychiatric hospitals. The nursing care was often excellent but the usually Victorian hospitals provided very poor facilities, with lack of privacy for patients and the buildings were expensive to maintain. At that time, almost 40% of the then NHS bed base subserved a long-stay role and, of course, being part of the NHS was completely free. A relatively small number of nursing homes, often run by charitable organisations, provided alternative facilities but even these were, at least in part, funded by Health Authorities. By contrast, a tiny number of privately run nursing homes existed and were almost always exclusively patronised by the wealthy.	Goto the Article

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